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研究人员对人群饮食、体育锻炼及结直肠癌之间的关联进行研究后发现，热狗、培根及其它加工肉类的摄入也会增加患癌风险，而体育锻炼或能帮助机体降低这种患癌风险。医学博士Edward L. Giovannucci表示，结直肠癌是一种非常常见的癌症，目前有报道显示，很多人患这种癌症的风险较低，本文研究同时也发现，饮食和生活方式在个体患结直肠癌上扮演着非常重要的角色。这项研究中研究人员评估了全球多项研究饮食、体重及体育锻炼影响结直肠癌风险的报告，他们共对99项研究进行了分析，其中涉及2900万人，其中有超过25万人群都被诊断为结直肠癌。
其它增加结直肠癌风险的因素还包括：1）大量摄入红肉（每周500g以上），比如牛肉或猪肉等；2）过重或肥胖；3）大量喝酒（30g以上），比如啤酒和葡萄酒等。
利用膳食纤维、体育锻炼和全谷类食物降低患癌风险
研究报告结果表明，每天摄入大约90g全谷类食物就能够降低个体17%的患结直肠癌的风险，这同时也增加了此前研究人员的研究结果，即摄入含有膳食纤维的食物能够降低个体患癌风险；研究者表示，进行更多体育锻炼的人或许患结直肠癌的风险更低，帮助抑制结直肠癌的多种途径对于机体整体健康都非常重要，比如维持健康体重、适度锻炼、限制红肉和加工肉类的摄入、摄入全谷类食物和纤维都会明显降低个体患癌风险，此外，每周限制饮酒或吸烟同样也会降低个体患结直肠癌的风险。
新出现的证据：鱼类、水果和蔬菜等
研究人员指出，饮食和结直肠癌患病风险之间或许也存在一定关联，目前有少量证据显示，非淀粉类蔬菜和水果摄入水平较低或和个体患结直肠癌风险增加有关；而且摄入鱼肉和含有维生素C的水果也能够降低患癌风险，比如橘子、草莓和菠菜等。研究者Alice Bender说道，后期我们还将继续深入研究，并且利用全谷类食物来替代日常所摄入的细粮，同时较多摄入一些植物性地食物，比如水果、蔬菜和豆类等，这或许能够为机体提供癌症预防的效果，同时有效控制机体体重也显得非常重要。
原始出处：
Report: Whole grains decrease colorectal cancer risk, processed meats increase the risk
Eating whole grains daily, such as brown rice or whole-wheat bread, reduces colorectal cancer risk, with the more you eat the lower the risk, finds a new report by the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF). This is the first time AICR/WCRF research links whole grains independently to lower cancer risk.
Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Colorectal Cancer also found that hot dogs, bacon and other processed meats consumed regularly increase the risk of this cancer. There was strong evidence that physical activity protects against colon cancer.
"Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, yet this report demonstrates there is a lot people can do to dramatically lower their risk," said Edward L. Giovannucci, MD, ScD, lead author of the report and professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. "The findings from this comprehensive report are robust and clear: Diet and lifestyle have a major role in colorectal cancer."
The new report evaluated the scientific research worldwide on how diet, weight and physical activity affect colorectal cancer risk. The report analyzed 99 studies, including data on 29 million people, of whom over a quarter of a million were diagnosed with colorectal cancer......
